Article Type (Article, Review, Communication, etc.))

Title of the Manuscript

Fname Lname 1, Fname Lname 2 and Fname Lname 3, *

1 Affiliation one (department, College, University, City, Postcode, Country

2 Affiliation one (department, College, University, City, Postcode, Country

3 Affiliation one (department, College, University, City, Postcode, Country

* Correspondence: e-mail@e-mail.com; Tel.: (optional; include country code; if there are multiple corresponding authors, add author initials)

Abstract

For research manuscripts, the abstract should concisely capture the essence of the study in no more than 200 words. Authors are encouraged to follow a structured format—without explicit section titles— that includes: (1) Context: clearly situate the research within a broader scientific landscape and outline the study’s objective; (2) Approach: briefly outline the primary methodologies or interventions used; (3) Key Findings: provide a summary of the most important outcomes; (4) Interpretation: present the central conclusions or insights drawn from the work. The abstract must accurately reflect the article’s content and should not include any data or claims that are absent from the main body of the paper. Additionally, authors should avoid overstating the significance of the findings.

Keywords: keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3 (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.)

Citation: To be added by editorial staff during production Received: date | Revised: date | Accepted: date | Published: date Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee Impaxon, Malaysia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

1. Introduction

The introduction should set the stage by explaining the relevance of the research and clearly stating its objective. Summarize key developments in the field, cite important works, and briefly note any ongoing debates. End with the main purpose of the study and a preview of the findings. Aim for clarity so that readers from other disciplines can also understand. Cite sources using numbered square brackets like [1], [2,3], or [4–6].

2. Material And Methods (avoid using auto numbering)

This section should include enough detail to ensure the study can be independently reproduced. Authors must make all related materials, data, code, and protocols accessible. Any limitations on availability should be declared at submission. Novel methods should be fully explained, while standard procedures may be summarized with proper references. For studies involving large datasets, specify the public repository used and include accession numbers; if not yet available, mention that they will be added during peer review and must be included before publication. For studies involving humans or animals, provide the name of the ethics body and approval code. If generative AI tools were used to assist with data, text, graphics, or study design, this must be clearly stated—except when used solely for minor edits like grammar or formatting.

3. Results

This section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation, as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.

3.1 Subsection (heading 2) (Avoid using auto numbering)

3.1.1 Subsubsection (heading 3)

This level is used to organize content within main sections of the manuscript. It helps structure the text by grouping related information under clear, descriptive titles. Use it to guide readers through key aspects of each major section. When it comes to bullet points they should look line:

Bullet one

Bullet two

Bullet three

3.1.2 Subsubsection (heading 3)

This heading is used to further break down subsections when additional clarity is needed. It supports detailed organization without overwhelming the reader. Apply it only when a subsection covers multiple distinct points. For numbering they should look line:

Bullet one

Bullet two

Bullet three

For figures, tables and equations use following formatting

(a)	(b)

Figure 1. this is the caption of the Figure (a) first (b) second

(a)	(b)

Figure 2. this is the caption of the Figure (a) first (b) second

Table 1. This is the Caption of the table

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3	Title 4
Entry 1	Data	Data	Data
Entry 2	Data	Data	Data
Entry 3	Data	Data	Data
Entry 4	Data	Data	Data

Equations

A= b +c / d ( e – f)	(1)

A= b + c * d ( e – f)	(2)

4. Discussion

The Discussion section should interpret the results in the context of existing knowledge, explaining how the findings align with, differ from, or contribute to previous research. Highlight the significance of the results, discuss any unexpected outcomes, and explain their implications. This section should also connect the study’s findings to the broader research question or hypothesis outlined in the introduction.

Authors are encouraged to critically evaluate their work, noting any strengths, limitations, or uncertainties that may affect interpretation. Suggestions for future research, practical applications, or theoretical contributions should be included when relevant. Avoid repeating detailed results—instead, focus on meaning, relevance, and broader impact.

5. Conclusion

The present study highlights the significance of [briefly restate the main objective]. Through [methods/approach], we demonstrated that [summarize key findings]. The results confirm that [main insight/implication].

Overall, the findings contribute to the field of [discipline/domain] by [state the novelty, contribution, or advantage]. These outcomes may assist researchers and practitioners in [application/impact].

Future research can further explore [limitations or open directions], as well as extend the proposed approach to [broader context or real-world deployment].

Funding: Authors must clearly state the source of financial support for the study. Please include one of the following statements, as applicable: “This work did not receive any external funding” or “This work was supported by [Funder’s Full Name], Grant No. [XXX]” and “Article Processing Charges were covered by [XXX]”. Ensure that all funding information is accurate and matches the official names listed at https://search.crossref.org/funding, as incorrect details may impact future funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement: Include the ethics approval details if your study involved human or animal subjects. Use a statement such as: “Approved by the Ethics Committee of [Institution Name], protocol code [XXX], dated [Approval Date].” If no approval was needed, state “Not applicable” or explain why it was waived with justification. The editorial team may request additional documentation if required.

Informed Consent Statement: For studies involving humans, include a statement such as: “Informed consent was obtained from all participants,” or explain if consent was waived, along with a valid justification. Use “Not applicable” if the study does not involve human subjects. If identifiable individuals are included, confirm that written consent for publication has been obtained.

Data Availability Statement: Authors should clearly state where the data supporting the findings can be accessed, including links to public repositories if applicable. If no new data were generated, or if access is restricted for privacy or ethical reasons, please indicate this. A data availability statement is required in all cases.

Acknowledgments: Use this section to recognize any assistance not covered under funding or author contributions, such as technical help, administrative support, or material donations. If generative AI tools were used (e.g., for writing, analysis, or visuals), include a statement describing the tool, its purpose, and confirm that the authors reviewed and take full responsibility for the final content.

Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any relationships or interests that could be seen as influencing the research. If none exist, state: “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.” Also indicate whether the funders had any involvement in the study’s design, data handling, manuscript writing, or publication decision. If not, please include: “The funders had no role in the design, data collection, analysis, writing, or publication of this work.”

References:

References must be numbered in order of appearance in the text (including citations in tables and legends) and listed individually at the end of the manuscript. We recommend preparing the references with a bibliography software package, such as EndNote, mendaley ReferenceManager or Zotero to avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references. Include the digital object identifier (DOI) for all references where available.

Citations and references in the Supplementary Materials are permitted provided that they also appear in the reference list here.

In the text, reference numbers should be placed in square brackets [ ] and placed before the punctuation; for example [1], [1–3] or [1,3]. For embedded citations in the text with pagination, use both parentheses and brackets to indicate the reference number and page numbers; for example [5] (p. 10), or [6] (pp. 101–105).

Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D. Title of the article. Abbreviated Journal Name Year, Volume, page range.

Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Title of the chapter. In Book Title, 2nd ed.; Editor 1, A., Editor 2, B., Eds.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, 2007; Volume 3, pp. 154–196.

Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Book Title, 3rd ed.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, 2008; pp. 154–196.

Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C. Title of Unpublished Work. Abbreviated Journal Name year, phrase indicating stage of publication (submitted; accepted; in press).

Author 1, A.B. (University, City, State, Country); Author 2, C. (Institute, City, State, Country). Personal communication, 2012.

Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D.; Author 3, E.F. Title of Presentation. In Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Date of Conference (Day Month Year).

Author 1, A.B. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of Completion.

Title of Site. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year).

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